COGO Inverse (Two Points to Bearing and Distance)
The exact inverse of the cogo-forward-point tile: from two known points, the straight-line distance and the azimuth of the line between them. distance = sqrt(dN^2 + dE^2), azimuth = atan2(dE, dN) clockwise from north; dN = N2-N1, dE = E2-E1. From N5000/E5000 to N5141.42/E5141.42 the line runs 200.00 ft at azimuth 45.00 deg. Read it as a quadrant bearing with bearing-conversion. Plane geometry - no curvature or grid scale factor; the project control governs.
Formula and source
dN = N2 - N1; dE = E2 - E1; distance = sqrt(dN^2 + dE^2); azimuth = atan2(dE, dN) x 180/pi, normalized to 0-360 deg (clockwise from north).
First-principles coordinate geometry (the COGO inverse) as compiled in the standard route-surveying references (Ghilani & Wolf, Elementary Surveying; FM 5-233), by name.
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