Amplifier Power to SPL
SPL at the listener from sensitivity, power, and distance, with headroom and inverse power.
Formula and source
SPL(d) = sensitivity + 10*log10(P) - 20*log10(d / 1 m); peak = SPL + crest factor; inverse power P = 10^((target - sensitivity + 20*log10(d)) / 10).
First-principles loudspeaker SPL from the 1 W / 1 m sensitivity reference, the 10*log power term, and the inverse-square distance term (public; ANSI S1.1 decibel basis), by name.
Audience
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Posture
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