Mechanic - Auto, Marine, Aviation

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Marine Prop Slip - Theoretical speed, slip percent, and planing vs displacement category from RPM, gear, pitch, and GPS speed.
Engine Displacement and Compression Ratio - Cubic inches / liters and static CR from bore, stroke, chamber, gasket, deck, and dome volumes.
Dynamic Compression Ratio - The effective compression ratio measured from where the intake valve actually CLOSES (not from BDC).
Bolt Stretch and Clamp Load - Clamp load from F = (stretch * area * E) / grip; cross-check torque.
Driveshaft Critical Speed - Euler-Bernoulli first-mode critical RPM with safety-factor recommendation.
Driveline U-Joint Operating Angle and Cancellation - How a Cardan (Hooke) U-joint's operating angle drives a speed fluctuation, and the rule that cancels it.
Fuel Energy and Range - BTU and kWh from tank and LHV; range from tank * mpg * load factor.
Tire Size and Effective Gear Ratio - rev/mi for old vs new tires, effective ratio, cruise speed, recommended axle ratio.
Tire Contact Patch from Load and Pressure - The tire footprint, and the flotation lever behind airing down.
Brake Pad Lifespan and Heat Capacity - KE per stop, rotor temp rise, wear per stop, estimated pad life by material.
Valve Flow Coefficient (Cv) - Solve the liquid sizing relation Q = Cv x sqrt(dP / SG) for Cv, flow, or pressure drop.
Screw / Auger Conveyor Capacity - Volumetric capacity (ft^3/hr) from diameter, shaft, pitch, RPM, and trough loading, and mass rate from a bulk density.
Horsepower from Torque and RPM - Horsepower, kilowatts, and a solve-for selector across HP, torque, and RPM via HP = Torque * RPM / 5252.
Volumetric Efficiency and Airflow - Theoretical and actual induction CFM and volumetric efficiency from displacement, RPM, and cycle.
Gear-Ratio MPH from RPM - Road speed (or RPM), wheel RPM, and tire revolutions per mile from engine RPM, transmission and axle ratios.
Machining Speed and Feed - Spindle speed (RPM) from surface speed (SFM) and cutter or work diameter.
Single-Point Thread Cutting Depth - The cut depth for single-point threading a 60-degree external (Unified/UN) thread on a lathe.
Acme (29-degree) Thread Depth and Dimensions - Acme (29-degree) thread depth and dimensions - the lead-screw and power-transmission thread form.
Stub Acme (29-degree) Thread Depth and Dimensions - Stub Acme thread depth and dimensions - the shallower 29-degree form, with the thread height cut to 0.3 P.
Taylor Tool-Life vs Cutting Speed - The Taylor tool-life relation V x T^n = C, the trade-off between cutting speed and edge life.
Cutter Diameter for a Spindle RPM - The cutter or work diameter that runs at a target (or the machine's maximum) spindle RPM for a given surface speed.
Drill Point Depth - Drill-tip allowance and the depth needed to reach a full-diameter hole.
Drill Point Angle from Tip Length - The included point angle from the diameter and a measured or target point length (tip allowance).
Cut Time per Pass - Cut time per pass and total time from cut length and feed rate.
Material Removal Rate - Material removal rate (MRR) in cubic inches per minute for milling (WOC x DOC x feed_IPM).
Theoretical Surface Finish - Theoretical turned surface finish from feed and tool nose radius.
Feed for a Target Turned Finish - The fastest feed per revolution that still holds a target surface finish.
Taper per Foot and Angle - Taper per foot and per inch, plus the included and per-side angles, from two diameters.
Taper Missing Diameter (Lathe Setup) - Cutting a taper to a spec: given the taper per foot, one known end diameter, and the length.
Dovetail Slide Measurement Over Rods - The dovetail-inspection check the shop metrology set (thread over wires, gear-tooth caliper) was missing.
Tailstock Setover for Taper Turning - The lathe tailstock offset to turn a taper between centers.
Dividing-Head Simple Indexing - Simple (plain) indexing on a 40:1 (or custom) dividing head.
Roller Chain Length in Pitches (ANSI B29.1) - The even-link round-up and corrected center distance people skip.
Sprocket Pitch Diameter (ANSI B29.1) - The pitch diameter a sprocket blank is laid out from, straight from the chain pitch and tooth count.
Tap Drill Size - Tap drill diameter for a target percent of full thread on a 60-degree (UN / ISO metric) thread.
Gear Undercut Minimum Teeth and Backlash - Two closed-form spur-gear checks: the minimum tooth count before undercutting, and backlash.
Spur Gear Tooth Geometry (Diametral Pitch) - The blank and cutter dimensions of a spur gear, from its tooth count and pitch.
Worm and Worm-Wheel Geometry - Worm and worm-wheel geometry - the right-angle, high-ratio, often self-locking gear pair.
Gear Identification (Pitch from Teeth and OD) - Identify an unknown spur gear from a counted tooth count and a measured outside diameter.
Gear-Tooth Chordal Thickness (Caliper) - The gear-tooth caliper settings: chordal tooth thickness tc = (N/Pd) sin(90/N deg) read across the tooth.
Rolling-Bearing L10 Rating Life (ISO 281) - The cube law that punishes a bearing overload.
Max Bearing Load for a Target L10 Life - The largest equivalent dynamic load a bearing can carry and still reach a target rating life.
Rolling-Bearing Dynamic Equivalent Load P (ISO 281) - The equivalent dynamic load P for a bearing.
Fluctuating-Stress Fatigue Safety Factor (Goodman/Soderberg/Gerber) - The fatigue safety factor for a rotating shaft, spring.
Corrected Endurance Limit (Shigley Marin Factors) - The corrected endurance limit Se from Shigley's Marin equation Se = ka kb kc kd ke Se'.
Power-Screw Torque, Efficiency, and Self-Locking - The torque to raise or lower a load on a lead screw, and whether it self-locks.
Disk Clutch / Brake Friction Torque - The friction torque a disk clutch or plate brake transmits before slipping.
Euler-Johnson Column Buckling - The critical buckling load for a machine strut, lead screw, push rod, or link, by the Euler-Johnson method.
Thick-Wall Cylinder Stress (Lame) - The stress in a thick-wall cylinder - a hydraulic-cylinder tube, thick pipe.
Rack and Pinion Travel, Speed, and Force - Rack-and-pinion travel and force - the rotary-to-linear drive on a CNC gantry, sliding gate, steering rack.
Plain (Sleeve) Bearing Pressure and PV - How to size a plain (sleeve/journal) bearing or bronze bushing.
Rigid Flange Coupling Torque Capacity - The torque a rigid flange coupling transmits through its bolt circle.
Countersink Diameter and Cutting Depth - Dialing a Z-depth when the print calls a diameter.
Countersink Diameter from a Plunge Depth - The finished (major) diameter a set plunge depth opens.
Shaft Key and Keyseat Size (ANSI B17.1) - The band-table width and H/2 depth machinists mis-read.
Knurling Blank Diameter for Clean Tracking - The blank diameter to turn before knurling so a circular-pitch (TPI) knurl tracks cleanly instead of double-tracking.
Grinding Wheel Surface Speed and Max Safe RPM - The maximum RPM a grinding wheel diameter may turn at its rated surface speed.
Reaming Prebore (Drill) Allowance - The prebore drill diameter that leaves the right stock for a machine reamer to clean up.
Drill Speed, Feed, Power, and Torque - Spindle speed, feed rate, power, and torque for a drilling operation.
Band Saw Blade Pitch, Speed, and Cut Time - The blade pitch a band saw cut needs, the wheel speed that gives the blade speed, and how long the cut takes.
Counterbore Depth and Thread Engagement Left - How deep a counterbore goes, and what it leaves behind for the threads.
Radial Chip Thinning Feed Compensation - The feed correction for a light radial cut.
Boring Bar / Tool Overhang Deflection and L/D Limit - Why a long boring bar blows the bore and chatters.
Boring Bar Max Overhang for a Deflection Limit - The longest a bar can stick out before its tip deflection reaches the allowable.
Ballnose Feed-Direction Cusp and the Governing Finish - The ballnose cusp height ALONG the feed direction.
Ballnose Milling Scallop Height from Stepover - The 3D-finish trade every mold toolpath makes.
V-Belt Force-Deflection Tensioning - How to actually SET a V-belt's tension, by deflecting the span at its midpoint.
Injector Static Flow at a Different Rail Pressure - Injector flow at a rail pressure other than the one it is rated at.
Fuel Injector Size from Horsepower, BSFC, and Duty Cycle - The injector each cylinder needs: lb/h = HP x BSFC / (n_cyl x duty).
Injector Max Horsepower Capacity - The maximum power an injector set supports.
Mean Piston Speed and RPM-Limit Reading - Whether an rpm target is safe for the stroke, the single best predictor of reciprocating stress.
Max RPM from a Piston-Speed Limit - The maximum safe engine speed for a chosen mean-piston-speed ceiling.
Horsepower from Quarter-Mile Trap Speed - The dyno-free power check a racer runs off the timeslip.
Horsepower from Quarter-Mile ET - Horsepower from the quarter-mile elapsed time.
2K Paint Mix Ratio - The hardener and reducer to add and the total batch from a ratio like 4:1 or 4:1:1 and a measured base-paint volume.
Hydraulic Pump Drive Horsepower - The horsepower it takes to drive a hydraulic pump.
Hydraulic Flow Limit from Drive Power - The most flow a power unit can deliver at a working pressure for a given drive horsepower.
Hydraulic Motor Torque and Speed - The torque, speed, and horsepower a hydraulic motor puts out.
Hydraulic Line Fluid Velocity and Minimum ID - The hose-sizing check the hydraulics bench never had.
Hydraulic Pump Output Flow - The gpm a hydraulic pump delivers from its displacement and drive speed.
Cooling-System Coolant Flow for a Heat Load - The coolant flow a heat load needs at a given temperature rise.
Marine Propeller Pitch Selection - The pitch to swap to so the engine reaches the top of its rated RPM band at wide-open throttle.
Engine Fuel Burn from Horsepower (BSFC) - The fuel burn in gallons per hour from engine power and brake-specific fuel consumption.
Chamber Volume for a Target Compression Ratio - The combustion-chamber volume needed to hit a target static compression ratio.
Screw Conveyor Speed for a Target Capacity - The auger speed needed to hit a target volumetric capacity.
Spring Wire Stress (Wahl), Solid Height, and Buckling - Three helical-spring checks beyond the rate: wire shear stress, solid height, and buckling.
Gear Tooth Dynamic (Barth) Bending Stress - Gear tooth bending stress WITH the Barth velocity factor, without which the Lewis number runs optimistic at speed.
Gear Tooth Bending Stress (Lewis) - The tooth-strength (root bending) check for a spur gear, by the Lewis beam equation.
Gear Tooth Contact Stress (Surface Durability) - Gear pitting - the Hertzian surface-durability stress, which often governs before root bending does.
Aerodynamic Drag Force and Power - Bluff-body aerodynamic drag: F = 1/2 rho V^2 Cd A.
Vehicle Road-Load Force and Power - The full road load - aero drag + rolling resistance + grade - and the tractive power to hold a steady speed.
Planetary (Epicyclic) Gear Ratio - The ratio of a planetary gearset, which depends on which member is held.
Band Brake / Capstan Torque - Band-brake torque from the Eytelwein/capstan relation T1 = T2 e^(mu theta).
Centrifugal Force of a Rotating Mass - The outward force a spinning mass throws - why rotating gear must be balanced and grinding wheels are speed-rated.
Helical Torsion Spring Rate and Torque - The rate of a torsion spring - the one that counterbalances a garage door, snaps a clothespin, or returns a hinge.
Universal Joint (Cardan) Speed Variation - The Cardan error of a single U-joint: the twice-per-revolution output speed fluctuation it introduces at an angle.
Slider-Crank Piston Position - The instantaneous piston position at a crank angle, for degreeing a cam, port timing, or piston-to-valve clearance.
Wedge Splitting Force and Self-Locking - The splitting, lifting, or shimming force of a wedge.
Inclined Plane Push and Hold Force - The force to move a load along an inclined plane.
Toggle Mechanism Clamping Force - The mechanical advantage of a toggle linkage - a hold-down clamp, a knee (toggle) press, a rivet or crimp squeezer.
Scotch-Yoke Simple Harmonic Motion - The exact simple harmonic motion of a scotch yoke, plus its velocity and acceleration.
Impact Load Factor (Falling / Suddenly Applied Load) - How much harder a dropped or suddenly applied load hits than its dead weight.
Hydraulic Accumulator Usable Oil Volume - How much usable oil a gas-charged hydraulic accumulator delivers between two pressures.
Projectile Range, Height, and Flight Time - The trajectory a stream, spray, or thrown object follows - its range, peak height, and flight time.
Free-Fall Drop Time, Impact Speed, and Energy - How fast a dropped tool or part hits, and with how much energy - the dropped-object (DROPS) hazard.
Terminal Velocity (Aerodynamic Drag) - The speed a falling object stops accelerating at, where drag balances weight.
Helical Compression Spring Rate - The stiffness of a coil spring from its wire and coil geometry.
Helical Spring Natural (Surge) Frequency - The surge (natural) frequency of a helical spring, and how close the working cycle runs to it.
Driveshaft Max Length for an Operating Speed - The longest a tube can be before it whips at a target operating speed.
Alternator Charging Load Balance - Whether the alternator keeps up with the electrical load at idle and cruise.
Torque Wrench Extension / Crowfoot Correction - The wrench setting a crowfoot or in-line extension demands, which bolt-torque never gives.
Density Altitude and Pressure Altitude - Why a 5,000 ft strip flies like 8,500 ft on a hot day.
Crosswind and Headwind Component - The wind split pilots misjudge, and the gust that actually counts.
Displacement Hull Speed and Speed/Length Ratio - The displacement wall horsepower cannot push through.
Flywheel Kinetic Energy and Speed Fluctuation - The rotational kinetic energy stored in a spinning flywheel and how much its speed swings under a pulsing load.
Sailboat Performance Ratios (SA/D and DLR) - Two dimensionless ratios that characterize a sailboat's power and heft, read off the specs by a surveyor, designer.
Hull Displacement and Block Coefficient - A boat's displacement -- what it weighs, since by Archimedes it floats on the weight of water it pushes aside.
Waterline Length for a Target Hull Speed - The waterline a pure displacement hull needs to reach a target speed.
Anchor Rode Scope and Swing Radius - The bow-height-and-high-tide scope that keeps an anchor set.
Turbocharger Pressure Ratio and Charge-Air Temp - Why boost is a gauge number and why it needs an intercooler.
Max Boost Before a Charge-Air Temperature Limit - The gauge boost at which the compressor-outlet charge-air temperature reaches a limit.
Crouch Planing-Speed Estimate - The planing top-speed estimate and its diminishing return, the opposite regime from the displacement hull-speed wall.
Horsepower for a Target Planing Speed - The shaft horsepower Crouch's formula says a planing hull needs to hit a target speed.
Wheel Offset and Backspacing - Converting wheel offset to backspacing, and where the inch hides.
Brake Pedal Ratio and Line Pressure - Why doubling the master-cylinder bore quarters the pressure: Pascal's law end to end.
SAE J1349 Dyno Correction Factor - The dry-pressure correction that makes two dyno pulls comparable.
Aircraft Weight and Balance (CG Envelope) - The in-gross-weight-but-out-of-CG load weight-and-balance exists to catch.
ABYC E-11 Marine DC Wire Sizing - Why a dockside NEC wire size undersizes on a boat.
Cutting-Fluid Concentration - The running concentration of a coolant sump from a refractometer Brix reading and the fluid's factor.
Battery Reserve Capacity to Amp-Hours - The amp-hours behind a battery's reserve-capacity minutes.
Sacrificial Anode Service Life - How long a boat's zinc, aluminum, or magnesium anode lasts, by Faraday's law.
Engine BMEP (Brake Mean Effective Pressure) - Torque normalized by displacement, so engines of any size compare directly on how hard each cycle works.
Glidepath Rate of Descent - The rate of descent that holds a glidepath, from the ground speed.
Coordinated Turn Radius and Rate - The radius and rate of a coordinated level turn from airspeed and bank.
True Airspeed from CAS and Density Altitude - True airspeed from calibrated airspeed: the airspeed indicator senses dynamic pressure.
Climb Gradient to Rate of Climb - Converts a departure climb gradient (ft per nautical mile) to a cockpit rate of climb.
Cutting Power and Spindle Torque - Cutting horsepower, motor horsepower after drive efficiency.
Max Material Removal Rate from Spindle Power - The power-limited max removal rate a spindle can drive.
Carburetor Jet Correction for Altitude and Temperature - What a carbureted engine's main jet has to become when the air gets thin.
Shaft Alignment Offset and Angularity (Rim-and-Face) - Shaft misalignment is the largest single cause of premature coupling, seal, and bearing failure on rotating equipment.
Reverse-Dial Shaft Alignment Shim and Move - Reverse-dial beats rim-and-face on anything with axial float or a long span.
Machine Thermal Growth Offset for Cold Alignment - A pump aligned cold and running hot is a pump out of alignment.
Soft-Foot Measurement and Correction Shim - Every alignment number is a lie until soft foot is zero.
Coupling Alignment Tolerance by Speed - Rim-and-face and reverse-dial produce numbers.
Vibration Severity Zone (ISO 20816) - An overall vibration reading in inches per second means nothing without a class.
Vibration Forcing Frequencies (1x, Blade Pass, Gear Mesh) - An overall vibration number says something is wrong.
Rolling-Element Bearing Defect Frequencies - A spalled bearing rings at frequencies that are NOT integer multiples of shaft speed.
Single-Plane Field Balance Trial Weight - Field balancing a fan or a rotor without a balancing machine is a vector problem.
Roller Chain Wear Elongation Replacement Check - Roller chain does not stretch, it WEARS: the pin and bushing clearances grow and the chain gets longer.
Gear Reducer Service Factor and Required Rating - A 25 hp motor does not need a 25 hp gearbox.
Air Compressor CFM and Duty Sizing From Tool Demand - Compressor sizing from the sum of tool nameplate ratings buys a machine two or three times too big.
Refrigerated and Desiccant Air Dryer Sizing - A refrigerated dryer's catalog number is stated at one set of conditions.
Air Receiver Pump-Up and Pump-Down Time - A receiver is a buffer, and the two numbers that describe it are how long the compressor takes to fill it and how...
Vacuum Pump Evacuation (Pump-Down) Time - Pump-down time is LOGARITHMIC, not linear, and that single fact governs every vacuum job.

Mechanic - Auto, Marine, Aviation

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