UPS Module Count, Redundancy, and Efficiency
Sizes N, N+1, and 2N UPS module counts from IT kVA, then compares utilization, conversion loss, cooling burden.
Example
You enter
- IT equipment load (kW) 500
- IT load power factor 0.9
- UPS module rating (kVA) 250
- N+1 efficiency (%) 95.5
- 2N efficiency (%) 94
- Electricity tariff ($/kWh) 0.1
- Cooling plant COP 3
You get
- Apparent power 555.6 kVA
- Module counts N 3; N+1 4; 2N 6
- N plus one modules 4
- Two n modules 6
- Loss delta (kW) 8.35468
- Annual 2N penalty including cooling $9758 (25.0 % cooling)
Details, formula, and sources
Sizes N, N+1, and 2N UPS module counts from IT kVA, then compares utilization, conversion loss, cooling burden, and annual cost at entered efficiencies. Redundancy topology and manufacturer part-load curves govern.
IT kVA = IT kW/power factor; N = ceil(kVA/module rating); N+1 = N+1 modules; 2N = 2N modules; loss = IT(1/efficiency - 1).
Standard N, N+1, and 2N availability conventions with first-principles UPS conversion-loss arithmetic. Manufacturer efficiency curves and facility availability requirements govern.
Ceilings, utilization ratios, and an input/output efficiency balance.
Estimate. AHJ and licensed professional govern.
Field names used by the API: it_load_kw, power_factor, module_rating_kva, n_plus_one_efficiency_pct, two_n_efficiency_pct, tariff_per_kwh, cooling_cop, apparent_power_kva, required_modules, n_plus_one_modules, two_n_modules, loss_delta_kw, annual_total_penalty_delta
- Balanced modules load shares equally among all online modulesplanning model
- Cooling penalty UPS loss divided by the entered cooling COPfirst-principles energy balance