Cross-Trade Utilities

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Corrosion Rate from Coupon Weight Loss - Converts coupon mass loss to a corrosion rate in mpy and mm/yr, remaining wall life, and life at the deepest pit.
Galvanic Corrosion and Area Ratio - Computes galvanic current and anode penetration for two dissimilar metals, then reverses the area ratio.
Landfill Gas Flare Capacity and Destruction - Sizes an enclosed flare from the peak gas flow and a design margin.
Unit Converter - Length, area, volume, mass, force, pressure, temperature, energy, power, flow, electrical.
Material Cost Estimator - Total cost from price per unit and quantity.
Markup and Margin - Selling price from cost and target.
Time and Materials - Total billable from hours, rate, and material cost.
Sales Tax - Tax and total by state.
Tip Out - Per-person split for crews.
Loan Payment - Monthly payment, total interest, and 12-month amortization.
Upgrade ROI / Payback - Simple payback and NPV over the entered horizon (default 10 years) at a user-supplied discount rate.
Mileage and Fuel Cost - Gallons, fuel cost, and IRS reimbursement from miles and MPG.
Overtime Hours - Regular, overtime, and double-time pay breakdown.
Per-Diem (GSA) - Federal per-diem lodging or M&IE rate by state.
Geometry Pack - Circle, ellipse (Ramanujan), hexagon, sphere.
Dilution / Mixing Ratio - Concentrate volume and diluent volume from target strength.
Slope from Digital Level - Bidirectional between degrees, percent, and inches per foot.
GPS Distance (Haversine) - Great-circle distance between two coordinates, with the bearing you leave on AND the bearing you arrive on.
OSHA Trench Sloping - Maximum slope ratio per soil class A/B/C and benching geometry.
NIOSH Lifting Equation - RWL and Lifting Index per the public NIOSH 1991 multipliers.
Heat Stress (WBGT and Heat Index) - Heat index, WBGT estimate, and OSHA-style work / rest cycle.
Wind Chill Exposure - NWS 2001 wind chill formula and frostbite-time exposure curves.
Portable Ladder Setup Geometry (OSHA 1926.1053) - ladder-angle does the 4:1 setback and stops.
Extension Ladder Overlap and True Working Height - An extension ladder never reaches its label.
Ladder Placement Angle - Base distance for the 4:1 rule and pass/fail at 75.5 deg.
Pulley System Mechanical Advantage - Theoretical and actual MA across fixed/movable/block-and-tackle rigs.
Ramp Slope (ADA) - Slope ratio, percent, and pass/fail against 1:12 maximum.
Rainwater Harvesting Yield - Annual gallons from catchment area, rainfall, and collection efficiency.
Catchment Area for a Target Harvest - The roof footprint needed to harvest a target volume a year.
Daily Multi-Job Timesheet - Hours per job with overtime split, gross pay, and reimbursable miles.
Swing Fall Geometry (Pendulum Drop and Arc) - Working off to the side of an anchor turns a fall into a pendulum.
Fall Protection Clearance - Required clearance below anchor = free-fall + decel + worker height + harness stretch + safety factor.
Radiant Heat Exchange (Stefan-Boltzmann) - Net radiant heat between a surface and its surroundings (or a facing surface).
Horizontal Lifeline Tension and Anchorage (OSHA 1926.502) - A horizontal lifeline MULTIPLIES the force it is asked to catch, and the multiplier is set by SAG.
Silica Table 1 Respirator Lookup (OSHA 1926.1153) - Table 1 is the shortcut that lets you skip exposure assessment, and it is ALL OR NOTHING.
Hearing Protector Attenuation (OSHA 1910.95 App. B) - The number on the package is never the protection.
OSHA 1910.95 Noise Dose and TWA - Multi-row workshift dose with the OSHA 5 dB exchange formula, 8-hr TWA.
Vehicle Load Distribution - Front and rear axle weights with GVWR / GAWR flags.
Pump Total Dynamic Head (TDH) - Total dynamic head from static lift, static discharge, and Hazen-Williams suction / discharge / fittings friction.
Hydraulic Cylinder Force and Speed - Cylinder force, extend / retract speed, oil per stroke, and cycle time from bore, rod, pressure.
V-Belt Sheave and Drive Sizing - Speed ratio, driven pitch diameter, belt length, service-factor design HP.
Belt Drive Center Distance (for a Standard Belt) - The shaft center distance that lets a standard (stock) V-belt fit a chosen pair of sheaves.
Belt Power from Tension and Speed - The power a belt actually transmits, from the two tensions and the belt speed.
Gear Ratio and RPM Cascade - Per-stage and overall ratio, output RPM, and output torque across up to four gear stages with a per-stage efficiency.
Rolling Offset - True offset, travel, and run advance for a pipe or conduit rolling offset.
Wind Speed from Wind Chill and Temperature - The wind speed that produces a target or reported wind chill at a known air temperature.
Fitting Take-Out Cut Length - Cut length of pipe between two fittings from center-to-center or face-to-face, with take-out and thread make-up shown.
Multi-Piece Miter Elbow Layout - Per-cut miter angle, weld count, and cutback for an n-piece lobster-back miter elbow.
Pipe Wraparound Template Ordinates - Markback ordinate table for wrapping a template to scribe an angled pipe cut.
Flange Bolt-Up Torque - Target preload, per-bolt torque, and the star tightening sequence for a bolted flange.
Center of Gravity from Two Scales - Total weight, CG distance, and the load split from a two-point weigh by moment balance (ASME B30.9 / ITI rigging).
Insulated Pipe Rack Spacing - Center-to-center spacing, total bundle width, and rack fit for parallel insulated pipe runs from OD.
Bolt Circle Layout - Hole coordinates (X, Y) for a circle of N evenly spaced holes from a bolt-circle diameter, start angle, and center.
Decimal to Fraction - Tape-measure math: round a decimal inches value to the nearest 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, or 1/64.
Sine Bar Angle Setup - Precision angle setup: the angle from a gauge-block stack on a sine bar (theta = arcsin(H / L)).
Thread Pitch and Lead - Thread pitch, lead, and sharp-V height for inch and metric threads.
Bolt Proof, Yield, and Tensile Load (SAE J429) - The fastener ceiling bolt-torque assumes but never shows.
Three-Wire Thread Measurement - Three-wire measurement over a 60-degree thread.
Pitch Diameter from Three-Wire Measurement - The pitch diameter of a thread from the measurement read over three wires.
Punch / Shear Force - Punching force from the cut perimeter (round, rectangular, or entered directly), material thickness, and shear strength.
Punch Capacity: Max Hole or Thickness - The largest round hole (or the thickest material) a press of a given tonnage can punch.
Interference Shrink-Fit Temperature - Heating temperature (or chilling temperature) to open an interference fit enough to assemble a hub, bearing.
Interference Press-Fit Pressure and Holding Force (Lame) - The Lame holding-force check shrink-fit defers.
Interference for a Target Press-Fit Holding Force - The diametral interference that reaches a target axial holding force.
Rolled Plate Blank Length - Developed flat blank length to roll plate into a cylinder or ring at the neutral axis.
Tolerance Stack-Up: Worst-Case and RSS - Worst-case tolerance = sum of the half-widths; statistical RSS = sqrt(sum of squares), always tighter.
Cone Flat-Pattern Development (Radial Line) - The flat blank a cone rolls up from, and the sweep to cut it.
Frustum (Truncated Cone) Volume and Surface - The volume of a truncated cone - a hopper, bucket, tapered footing or pier, flat-topped stockpile.
Regular Polygon (Apothem, Across Flats/Corners, Area) - The geometry of a regular polygon polygon-miter (cut angle only) and bolt-circle (holes only) leave out.
Ellipse Area and Perimeter - The area and perimeter of an oval - an elliptical bed or border, a running-track lane, an oval tabletop or arch.
Spherical Cap / Dome / Partial-Fill Volume - The volume of a spherical cap - a spherical tank's partial fill, a dome, a dished tank bottom.
Parabolic Segment Area and Arc Length - The area and curved length of a parabolic segment - a parabolic arch, a road or deck crown, a uniformly loaded cable sag.
Truncated Pyramid (Rectangular Frustum) Volume - The volume of a truncated pyramid - a tapered concrete pier or spread-footing pedestal, a rectangular hopper or bin.
Torus (Doughnut) Volume and Surface Area - The volume and surface of a torus - an O-ring, an inner tube or toroidal float, a doughnut tank, or a coil of tubing.
Ellipsoid Volume (Oblong / Oval Solid) - The volume of a general ellipsoid - an oval or elliptical tank, a stretched dome, or an ellipsoidal float.
Annulus (Ring) Area - The area of a ring between two circles - the metal cross-section of a pipe or tube, a washer/gasket/ring-flange face.
Circular Sector (Pie Slice) Area and Arc - The pie slice between two radii, and its arc - a curved patio or bed, a sprinkler coverage wedge, a gear or cam sector.
Barrel / Cask Volume (Bulged Sides) - The volume of a barrel or cask that bulges to a wider middle than its ends.
Cylindrical Wedge (Ungula) Volume - The volume of a cylindrical wedge (an ungula).
Paraboloid of Revolution Volume - The volume of a paraboloid of revolution - a spun-cast dish, a parabolic reflector blank.
Horizontal Tank Volume with Dished Heads (Dipstick) - The partial liquid volume of a HORIZONTAL cylindrical tank with dished (curved) heads, from a dipstick depth.
Spherical Zone (Segment of Two Bases) Volume - The volume of a spherical zone - the slice of a sphere between two parallel planes.
Oval (Obround) Tank Volume from Dipstick - Partial volume of a horizontal oval tank from a dipstick reading.
Cone-Bottom Tank Volume from Dipstick - The partial liquid volume of a vertical CONE-BOTTOM (conical / hopper bottom) tank.
Tapered (Frustum) Tank Volume from Level - The partial liquid volume of a straight-TAPERED (frustum) tank or bin from a dipstick depth - a tapered silo, a hopper.
Permissible Residual Unbalance and Balance Grade - The residual unbalance a rotor is allowed at its operating speed.
Bearing Regrease Quantity and Interval - How much grease a bearing takes and how often, which are two numbers commonly wrong in the field in opposite directions.
Plasma Cut Time, Consumable Life, and Cost per Part - What plasma consumables actually cost per part, from the two ways they wear.
Hydraulic Reservoir Size and Cooler Heat Rejection - How much heat a hydraulic system makes, how big its reservoir should be, and what is left for a cooler.
Tank Volume (Dipstick) - Partial liquid volume of a horizontal or vertical cylindrical tank from a depth (dipstick) reading.
Linear Interpolation - Read a value between two known points off a chart or table.
Circular Arc Layout - Radius, arc length, and central angle from a measured chord and rise.
Triangle Solver (Two Sides and the Included Angle) - Two sides and the angle between them: the third side by the law of cosines c = sqrt(a^2 + b^2 - 2ab cos C).
Triangle Solver (Three Sides) - The companion to the two-sides-and-the-included-angle solver.
Triangle Solver (Two Angles and the Included Side) - The triangulation case the two-sides and three-sides solvers leave.
Triangle Solver (Two Sides and a Non-Included Angle, the Ambiguous Case) - Two sides and an angle that is NOT between them can fit zero, one, or two triangles, and this says which.
Circular Segment Area (from Chord and Rise) - The enclosed AREA between a chord and its arc.
Arc Rise (Sagitta) from Radius and Chord - The rise (sagitta / middle ordinate) of an arc from a known radius and chord.
Circle Through Three Points - Center and radius of the circle through three measured points on an arc (the circumcircle - the inverse of bolt-circle).
Regular Polygon Miter and Layout - Saw miter and piece sizing for any N-sided frame, from an octagon wrap to a segmented ring.
Equal Spacing Layout - Evenly space balusters, pickets, studs, shelf pins, or layout marks in a run.
Downwind Ground-Level Concentration Screen (Gaussian) - A screening estimate of the ground-level concentration downwind of an elevated source.
Noise Barrier Insertion Loss (Fresnel Number) - What a noise barrier actually buys, which is a strong function of frequency and a threshold function of geometry.
Day-Night Average Sound Level (Ldn and CNEL) - The day-night average sound level a community noise ordinance is written against.
Odour Dilution to Threshold and the Reduction a Target Requires - Odour measured as a dilution to threshold.
Dust Collection Duct Velocity, Diameter, and Branch Balance - Dust collection duct is sized backward from every other duct system in a building.
Pneumatic Cylinder Air Consumption (SCFM) - What a pneumatic cylinder actually costs to run, which is not its swept volume.
Bucket Elevator Capacity, Speed, and Power - What a bucket elevator moves and what it takes to drive it, and the fill factor is where the honesty lives.
Cyclone Separator Cut Size and Pressure Drop - What a cyclone will and will not catch, and what catching it costs.
Gas Spring Force and Mounting Geometry - The force rating a gas strut needs, from the moment balance nobody writes down.
Spray Booth Airflow and Makeup Air Load - The airflow a spray booth takes and what it costs to replace it.
Powder Coating Coverage, Transfer Efficiency, and Reclaim - How much powder a job takes, and the two factors that move the answer by a factor of two.
Electroplating and Anodizing Tank Current and Time - Plating and anodizing are the one shop process governed by an exact physical law, and this is that law.
Heat-Treat Soak Time and Furnace Load - The two numbers a shop needs before loading a furnace.
Quench Severity, Biot Number, and the Agitation Screen - Whether agitating the quench is worth doing.
Belt Conveyor Effective Tension and Drive Power - What a belt conveyor's drive has to deliver, split into the two physically different things it is made of.
Dive No-Decompression Limit and Residual Nitrogen - The table headline is not the diver limit on a repetitive dive.
Dive Surface Air Consumption, Rock Bottom, and Gas Planning - The reserve is computed FIRST and subtracted, and what is left is the dive.
Nitrox Maximum Operating Depth, Best Mix, and Oxygen Limits - A richer mix hits any given oxygen limit SHALLOWER, and that is the trade nitrox makes.
Nitrox Equivalent Air Depth and the Oxygen Check - A dive planned on equivalent air depth alone has solved half the problem.
Surface-Supplied Diver Air Supply Rate and Reserve - A compressor sized for shallow work falls short in deeper water with no change in the number of divers and no warning...
Underwater Lift Bag Sizing - How much lift bag it takes to raise an object off the bottom and how much air to fill it at depth.
Recompression Chamber Gas Volume, Ventilation, and Duration - Ventilation is four fifths of the requirement and pressurization is the part people size for.
Commercial Laundry Washer Capacity and Turns per Day - Rated capacity is a machine specification and turns is an operational one.
Laundry Water, Sewer, and Energy Cost per Pound - Cost per pound is the number that decides whether to wash in house or send it out.
Tumble Dryer Evaporation Load and Makeup Air - A tumble dryer is an evaporator and its load is the pounds of water it has to boil off.
Stack Emission Rate and Potential to Emit - A source's actual emissions and its POTENTIAL to emit, which are different numbers and which do different jobs.
Visible Emission Opacity Six-Minute Average (Method 9) - The six-minute opacity average an EPA Method 9 observation produces.
Baghouse Pressure Drop and Pulse Cleaning Interval - Whether a baghouse is healthy, read from the pressure it returns to after a pulse rather than the pressure it reaches...
Wet Scrubber Liquid-to-Gas Ratio and Removal - The liquid a wet scrubber circulates at a given liquid-to-gas ratio, and what moving it and the gas costs.
Thermal Oxidizer Residence Time and Chamber Volume - The chamber volume a thermal oxidizer needs for a required residence time.
Coating VOC Content and Compliance Rate - A coating's VOC content on the two bases that matter, and which one the rule is written against.
SPCC Secondary Containment Volume and Freeboard - Whether a diked tank farm actually holds what an SPCC plan requires it to hold.
Electrostatic Precipitator Collection Efficiency (Deutsch) - The collection efficiency an electrostatic precipitator reaches, by the Deutsch equation.
Activated Carbon Adsorber Bed Life and Breakthrough - How long an activated carbon bed lasts before breakthrough.
Stack Plume Rise and Effective Stack Height (Briggs) - The height a buoyant plume actually reaches.
Injection Mould Clamp Tonnage From Projected Area - The clamp force a mould needs: the projected area of everything in the shot, times the pressure inside the cavity.
Injection Shot Size, Barrel Capacity, and Residence Time - How much of the barrel a shot uses, and how long the melt sits there before it is injected.
Injection Moulding Cooling Time From Wall Thickness - How long a moulded part takes to cool, which on most parts is most of the cycle and most of the cost.
Moulded Part Shrinkage and the Cavity Dimension to Cut - The cavity dimension to cut so the part comes out on nominal after it shrinks.
Extrusion Output Rate, Line Speed, and Draw-Down - The mass balance between the two units an extrusion line is run in: pounds per hour, and feet per minute.
Thermoforming Draw Ratio and Wall Thinning - How thin a thermoformed part gets, which is a conservation statement rather than a process one.
HDPE Butt Fusion Gauge Pressure and Drag - The gauge pressure a butt fusion machine needs so the pipe faces see the interfacial pressure the procedure specifies.
Casting Pour Weight, Gating Yield, and Melt Energy - How much metal a mould takes against how much of it ships, and what the difference costs to melt.
Riser Modulus and the Feeding Volume Check - Whether a riser will feed a casting section, which is TWO conditions and not one.
Riser Feeding Distance (Steel Plate or Bar) - How far a single top riser feeds a steel plate or bar before centerline shrinkage forms.
Moulding Sand Gas Evolution, Permeability, and Venting - How much gas a mould makes when the metal arrives, and how the sand's permeability trades against the casting's surface.
Melt Furnace Energy per Heat and per Saleable Pound - What it costs in energy to melt a charge.
Dilution Ventilation for a Solvent Vapour - The airflow that holds a room's average solvent concentration at an exposure limit.
Respirator Cartridge Change Schedule - A respirator cartridge change schedule: an estimated service life times a safety fraction.
Arc-Rated Clothing Selection From Incident Energy - Whether a clothing system is rated for an arc flash exposure.
Fixed Ladder Fall Protection and Rest Platforms - Whether a fixed ladder needs fall protection, and what actually satisfies the requirement.
Confined Space Retrieval Winch Force - The force a confined space retrieval system has to produce: the entrant and their equipment, plus line friction.
Hot-Dip Galvanized Coating Weight and Thickness - What a galvanized coating weighs, from the thickness it is specified in. The two are the same statement in different...
Pretreatment Bath Dragout and Counterflow Rinse Water - The solution a finishing line carries out of a bath on the parts, and the water it takes to rinse it off.
Galvanizing Kettle Cycle Throughput and Heat Limit - What a galvanizing kettle can actually put through, and WHICH of its two machines is the one stopping it.
Phosphate Conversion Coating Weight by Strip and Weigh - The weight of a phosphate or other conversion coating, from a panel weighed before and after stripping.
Deicing Salt Application Rate and Coverage per Load - How much deicing salt a route or a lot takes, and how far one hopper load goes.
Salt Brine Batch Salinity, Salometer, and Freeze Point - What a batch of salt brine takes and what its freezing point actually is.
Snow Storage Stacking Area and Haul-Off Trigger - Where the plowed snow goes on a lot, how much parking it costs, and which event triggers hauling.
Ice Melt Working Temperature and Melting Capacity - How much deicer a job takes at the temperature it is actually being done at, and whether the product works there at all.
Walkway Clearing Crew Time and Service Window - How long a walk route takes a crew, which half of the crew is holding it up, and whether the service window is met.
Worksite Toilet and Handwash Count - A recovery site fills with crews faster than it fills with portable toilets.
Responder Base Camp Sanitation and Water - Utility, line, and debris crews brought in after a disaster often sleep where they work.
Relief Supply Pallet Floor Load - Relief supplies land in gyms, church halls, and offices that were never designed as warehouses.
USACE Sandbag Levee Bags and Sand - The first order a flood fight places is for sandbags and sand, and the count rises with the square of the height.
USACE Emergency Earth Levee Section and Seepage Creep Check - An emergency earth levee is built to a handful of USACE flood fight rules.
Congregate Shelter Capacity and Sanitation - A school gym becomes a shelter overnight, and the facility crew needs to know how many cots fit and how many toilets.

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